EBM Articles / Series

Table of Contents
1. User's Guide to Biomedical Literature	5. Systematic Reviews II
2. How to Read a Paper	6. Getting Research into Practice
3. Systematic Reviews I	7. Clinical Guidelines
4. Meta-analysis	8. Basic Statistics for Clinicians

1. User's Guide to Biomedical Literature (JAMA 1993-98 Series)
Introduction (External links to Centres for Health Evidence.net, Canada) Oxman AD, Sackett DL, Guyatt GH, *Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: I. How to get started.* JAMA 1993;270:2093-5. Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, Cook DJ, *Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: II. How to use an article about therapy or prevention (A).* JAMA 1993;270:2598-601. Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, Cook DJ, *Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: II. How to use an article about therapy or prevention. (B).* JAMA 1994;271:59-63. Jaeschke R, Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, *Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: III. How to use an article about a diagnostic test (A).* JAMA 1994;271:389-91. Jaeschke R, Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, *Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: III. How to use an article about a diagnostic test. (B).* JAMA 1994;271:703-7. Levine M, Walter S, Lee H, Haines T, Holbrook A, Moyer V, *Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: IV. How to use an article about harm.* JAMA 1994;271:1615-9. Laupacis A, Wells G, Richardson WS, Tugwell P, *Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: V. How to use an article about prognosis.* JAMA 1994;272:234-7. Oxman AD, Cook DJ, Guyatt GH, *Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: VI. How to use an overview.* JAMA 1996;272:1367-71. Richardson WS, M.D., Detsky AS, *Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: VII. How to use a clinical decision analysis (A).* JAMA 1996;273:1292-5. Richardson WS, M.D., Detsky AS, Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: VII. How to use a clinical decision analysis (B). JAMA 1995;273:1610-3. Hayward RSA, Wilson MC, Tunis SR, Bass EB, Guyatt GH, Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: VIII. How to use clinical practice guidelines (A). JAMA 1995;274:570-4. Hayward RSA, Wilson MC, Tunis SR, Bass EB, Guyatt GH, *Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: VIII. How to use clinical practice guidelines (B).* Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: IX. A method for grading health care recommendations. JAMA 1995;274:1800-4. Naylor CD, Guyatt GH, *Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: X. How to use an article reporting variations in the outcomes of health services.* JAMA 1996;275:554-8. Naylor CD, Guyatt GH, Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: XI. How to use an article about a clinical utilization review. JAMA 1996;275:1435-9. Guyatt GH, Naylor CD, Juniper E, Heyland DK, Jaeschke R, Cook DJ, *Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: XII. How to use articles about health-related quality of life.* JAMA 1997;277:1232-7. Drummond MF, Richardson WS, O'Brien BJ, Levine M, Heyland D, M.D., *Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: XIII. How to use an article on economic analysis of clinical practice: (A). Are the results of the study valid?* JAMA 1997;277:1552-1557. Drummond MF, Richardson WS, O'Brien BJ, Levine M, Heyland D, M.D., Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: XIII. How to use an article on economic analysis of clinical practice: (B). What are the results and will they help me in caring for my patients? JAMA 1997;277:1802-1806. Dans AL, Dans LF, Guyatt GH, Richardson S, *Users' Guides for the Medical Literature: XIV. How to decide on the applicability of clinical trial results to your patient.* JAMA 1998;27;279:545-9.
2. How to Read a Paper (BMJ 1997 Series)
Greenhalgh T, The Medline database. BMJ 1997,315:180-183. Greenhalgh T, Getting your bearings (deciding what the paper is about). BMJ 1997;315:243-246. Greenhalgh T, Assessing the methodological quality of published papers. BMJ 1997;315:305-308. Greenhalgh T, Statistics for the non-statistician. 1: different types of data need different statistical tests. BMJ 1997;315:364-366. Greenhalgh T, Statistics for the non-statistician. 2: "significant" relations and their pitfalls. BMJ 1997;315:422-425. Greenhalgh T, Papers that report drug trials. BMJ 1997;315:480-483. Greenhalgh T, Papers that report diagnostic or screening tests. BMJ 1997;315:540-543. Greenhalgh T, Papers that tell you what things cost (economic analyses). BMJ 1997;315:596-599. Greenhalgh T, Papers that summarise other papers (systematic reviews and meta-analyses). BMJ. 1997; 315: 672-675. Greenhalgh T, Taylor R, Papers that go beyond numbers (qualitative research). BMJ. 1997; 315: 740-743.
3. Systematic Reviews (Ann Intern Med 1997 Series)
Mulrow CD, Cook DJ, Davidoff F. *Systematic Reviews: critical links in the great chain of evidence [Editorial].* Ann Intern Med 1997;126:389-391. Cook DJ, Mulrow CD, Haynes RB. *Systematic Reviews: synthesis of best evidence for clinical decisions.* Ann Intern Med 1997;126:364-371. Hunt DL, McKibbon KA. Locating and Appraising Systematic Reviews. Ann Intern Med 1997;126:532-538. McQuay HJ, Moore RA. *Using Numerical Results from Systematic Reviews in Clinical Practice.* Ann Intern Med 1997;126:712-20 Badgett RG, O'Keefe M, Henderson MC. Using Systematic Reviews in Clinical Education. Ann Intern Med 1997;126:886-891. Bero LA, Jadad AR. *How Consumers and Policymakers Can Use Systematic Reviews for Decision Making.* Ann Intern Med 1997;127:37-42. Cook DJ, Greengold NL, Ellrodt AG, SR Weingarten. The Relation between Systematic Reviews and Practice Guidelines. Ann Intern Med 1997;127:210-216. Counsell C. Formulating Questions and Locating Primary Studies for Inclusion in Systematic Reviews. Ann Intern Med 1997;127:380-387. Meade MO, Richardson WS. *Selecting and Appraising Studies for a Systematic Review.* Ann Intern Med 1997;127:531-7. Lau J, Ioannidis JPA, Schmid CH. *Quantitative synthesis in systematic reviews.* Ann Intern Med 1997;127:820-26. Mulrow C, Langhorne P, Grimshaw J. Integrating heterogeneous pieces of evidence in systematic Reviews. Ann Intern Med 1997;127:989-995.
4. Meta-analysis (BMJ 1997-98 Series)
Egger M, Smith GD, Meta-analysis: potential and promise. BMJ 1997;315:1371-4 Egger M, Smith GD, Phillips AN, Meta-analysis: principles and procedures. BMJ 1997;315:1533-7 Smith GD, Egger M, Phillips AN, Meta-analysis: beyond the grand mean? BMJ 1997;315:1610-4 Egger M, Smith GD, Meta-analysis: bias in location and selection of studies. BMJ 1998;316:61-6 Egger M, Schneider M, Smith GD, Meta-analysis: spurious precision? BMJ 1998;316:140-4 Smith GD, Egger M, *Meta-analysis: unresolved issues and future developments.* BMJ 1998;316:221-5
5. Systematic Reviews (BMJ 1995 Series)
Chalmers I., Altman DG (EDS). Systematic Reviews. London, BMJ 1995. Mulrow CD. *Rationale for systematic reviews.* BMJ 1994;309:597-9. Oxman AD. *Checklist for review articles.* BMJ 1994;309:648-51. Knipschild P. *Some examples.* BMJ 1994;309:719-21. Eysenck HJ. *Meta-analysis and its problems.* BMJ 1994;309:789-92. Chalmers I, Haynes B. Reporting, updating, and correcting systematic reviews of the effects of health care. BMJ 1994;309:862-5. Clarke MJ. *Obtaining data from randomized controlled trials: how much do we need for reliable and informative meta-analyses?* BMJ 1994;309:1007-10. Dickersin K, Scherer R, Lefebre C. *Identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews.* BMJ 1994;309:1286-91. Thompson SG. *Why sources of heterogeneity in meta-analysis should be investigated?* BMJ 1994;309:1351-5.
6. Getting Research into Practice (BMJ 1998 Series)
Goodley F, Getting evidence into practice [Editorial]. BMJ 1998;317-6. Haines A. Donald A, Making better use of research findings. BMJ 1998;317:72-5. Sheldon TA, Guyatt GH, Haines A, When to act on the evidence. BMJ 1998;317:139-42. Glanville J, Haines M, Auston I, Finding information on clinical effectiveness. BMJ 1998;317:200-3. Haynes B, Haines A, Barriers and bridges to evidence based clinical practice. BMJ 1998;317:273-6. Straus SE, Sackett DL, Using research findings in clinical practice. BMJ 1998;317:339-42. Lilford RJ, Pauker SG, Braunholtz DA, Chard J, Decision analysis and the implementation of research findings. BMJ 1998;317:405-9. Bero LA, Grilli R, Grimshaw JM, Harvey E, Oxman AD, Thomson MA, Closing the gap between research and practice: an overview of systematic reviews of interventions to promote the implementation of research findings. BMJ 1998;317:465-468. Garner P, Kale R, Dickson R, Dans T, Salinas R, Implementing research findings in developing countries. BMJ 1998;317:531-5.
7. Clinical Guidelines (BMJ 1999 Series)
Woolf SH, Grol R, Hutchinson A, Eccles M, Grimshaw J. *Clinical guidelines: Potential benefits, limitations, and harms of clinical guidelines.* BMJ 1999;318:527-530. Shekelle PG, Woolf SH, Eccles M, Grimshaw J. Developing guidelines. BMJ 1999;318:593-6. Hurwitz B, Eccles M. Legal, political and emotional considerations of clinical practice guidelines. BMJ 1999;318:661-4. Feder G, Eccles M, Grol R, Griffiths C, Grimshaw J. Using clinical guidelines. BMJ 1999;318:728-30.
8. Basic Statistics for Clinicians (CMAJ 1995 Series)
Guyatt GH, Jaeschke R, Heddle N, Cook DJ, Shannon H, Walter S, Hypothesis testing. Can Med Assoc J 1995;152:27-32. Guyatt GH, Jaeschke R, Heddle N, Cook DJ, Shannon H, Walter S, Interpreting study results: confidence intervals. Can Med Assoc J 1995;152:169-173. Jaeschke R, Guyatt GH, Shannon H, Walter S, Cook DJ, Heddle N, Assessing the effects of treatment: measures of association. Can Med Assoc J 1995;152:351-357. Guyatt GH, Walter S, Shannon H, Cook DJ, Jaeschke R, Heddle N, *Correlation and regression.* Can Med Assoc J 1995;152:497-504.

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